Anonymity in the service of greatness
Washington
D.C is a city full of monuments and memorials.
The historic sites in D.C. commemorate everything from presidents to
wars. They are sacred places that
attract both contemplation and protest.
Every monument and governmental building in the capitol was designed by
an architect, of course, but in most cases the name of the individual is not as
important as what is being celebrated.
For example,
the Lincoln Memorial is a building dedicated to the ideals of a great
president. When one visits it, the point
is to remember the man and his actions, not the builder. And, like most monuments in D.C. (especially
the older ones) the building itself is purposely a little nondescript. It’s a Greek revival design, not incredibly
different from the Jefferson Memorial or the Capitol Building. It’s adorned with the same columns and white marble that can be found on countless Washington D.C buildings. As an artist and art historian, I cannot name
the architect of the Lincoln Memorial off the top of my head. I could look it up easily enough if I chose
to, but that’s not really my point with this post. The monuments of D.C. were meant to be
timeless in a way, built using artistic principles that were taken from past
great civilizations and seen as never going out of style. The greatness of the people and events they
remember was meant to live on long past a single architect or sculptor. Since D.C. is a very carefully planned city,
it almost seems as if the monuments to our Founding Fathers have always been there,
or could have all been designed by the same person at the same time.
Of course,
that’s not the case at all. New
memorials are still planned and built, although space on the National Mall is
at a premium these days. The past few
decades have seen a number of significant new memorials built in D.C., perhaps
none more well-known than the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
A Name Stands Out
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial (also referred to as The Wall) is one of those newer
monuments. It was dedicated only about
thirty years ago (a blink of an eye in an old city like Washington) but has since
become so iconic that it’s kind of hard to picture D.C. without it. What concerns me in this post is who designed
it. Unlike other Washington memorials
that stand as somewhat anonymous in terms of their designer, the Vietnam
Veterans Memorial is intrinsically tied to the name of its architect: Maya Lin. Lin is almost universally
recognized as the site’s architect, and I would go so far as to say that many
people who visit the memorial today can probably name her. Even if they can’t remember her full name, I
would bet that most people can think of some aspect of the design, such as it
being designed by a woman, or that it was controversial when it was first
built.
There are
probably many reasons why Lin is so identified with the Memorial. Television is probably the main force behind
her notoriety. Planning for the Memorial
began in the late 1970s, an era where people were used to getting their news in
a visual format. The story of the
monument planning and design selection made nationwide headlines, and Lin’s
image got splashed across the county’s TV screens. She was also very young (only 20 at the time
of her selection), something that made her choice seem even more remarkable. Surely there’s no other D.C. memorial
designed by someone so young.
What Wasn’t Built
But, what
concerns me here isn’t what was designed by Maya Lin and built 30 years
ago. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial
surely doesn’t qualify as a cultural ghost.
It’s one of the most recognizable monuments ever built and is one of
Washington’s most visited and revered sites.
What I wish to highlight here is how Lin was selected in the first
place. The design commission for the
Vietnam Memorial was a competition, and over 1,000 entries were submitted for
consideration (1,421 to be exact).
Maya Lin with a model of her winning proposal, c. 1982 |
What did some
of the other proposals look like? How
would we perceive the monument if it had been designed by someone other than
Lin? Would the Memorial have the same power
if it looked different? Those were some
of the questions I asked myself as I began researching this post. Almost 1,500 entries is a lot, and I wondered
who had submitted them. Famous
architects? Vietnam Veterans? Other students like Lin (she was a student at
Yale at the time)? Trying to find the
answers to some of those questions has proved more difficult than I first
imagined. Google “Vietnam Veterans
Memorial” and all you are going to get are photos of the monument as
built. You’ll also get a fair share of
photos of Maya Lin. Books on the subject
don’t offer anything different. I’ve
discovered one thing for certain; the monument as built is heavily documented
by professional and amateur photographers, but the other monument proposals
have seemingly disappeared from history.
Ultimately,
perhaps that’s a fitting ending to the story of the monument. Controversial at first, the monument has
since gone on to become one of the most moving memorials in America. It tackles a complicated subject in an
extremely sophisticated and elegant way.
The design concept of listing the names of all who lost their lives has
become almost ubiquitous in monuments that remember war or catastrophe (the
9/11 Memorial in New York is probably the most recent example). It’s hard to imagine The Wall any other way.
Next time, I hope to be able to post images of some of these alternate proposals.
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